Task #2

Bibliography:

Books:

• Rogers, J. The Death And Life Of The Music Industry In The Digital Age. Bloomsbury Academic, 2013. Print.

• Storey, J., ed. Cultural Theory and Popular Culture: A Reader. 3rd ed. Essex: Pearson Education Limited, 2006. Print.

• Wikstrom, P. The Music Industry: Music In The Cloud. Cambridge: Polity, 2010. Print.

Books Consulted:

• Storey, J. (2010). Cultural studies and the study of popular cultures theories and methods (3rd ed.). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

Academic Texts:

• Kolesnik, A. "Popular Culture And History: Representations Of The Past In British Popular Music Of The 2000s." Popular Culture And History: Representations Of The Past In British Popular Music Of The 2000s. National Research University Higher School of Economics, 10 May 2014. Web. 15 Dec. 2014. 

- "Changes in the music industry associated with the emerging and wide dissemination of new media has affected the search for new musical decisions, reformatting attitudes to the past in general, and to the musical past in particular." People were able to relate to certain sub-cultures through music. Now it is so accessable, we are almost alienated.
- "One very recent development is the arrival (in beta form) of Midge Ure’s new venture Tunited (http://www.tunited.com/), a new website and online community designed to help new unsigned artists get valuable exposure and make some sales." Bandcamp and Soundcloud link - compare.

Magazines:

• Budd, C. "Changes in the Music Industry: From Labels to Laptops." English And Media. Media Magazine, 1 Dec. 2010. Web. 15 Dec. 2014. <http://www.englishandmedia.co.uk/mm/subscribers/downloads/archive_mm/mmagpast/MM34_Change_music1.html>.

- "While Napster made it easy for users to share other people’s music, it wasn’t a massive leap to imagine that artists could use the same technology to promote and distribute their own music, thus cutting out two of the important functions of a record company. In this new world, there would be no place for physical records; instead music would live as data on people’s computers." Can be used for when comparing texts (YouTube, Soundcloud, Spotify, Bandcamp)

- "the music rights organisation PRS for Music reported this year that CD and DVD revenues fell by £8.7 million in 2009, but digital revenues grew by £12.8 million." (2010)"

- "The advantages of this sort of system to everyone concerned are clear – the system is a meritocracy: artists with talent, a big enough fan base and a good demo can get funding without contracting to record companies, and music lovers can share in that success. Only the democratic nature of the internet has made that possible on such a grand scale."

• Hendry, S. "Music and Politics." English And Media. Media Magazine, 1 Apr. 2011. Web. 15 Dec. 2014. <http://www.englishandmedia.co.uk/mm/subscribers/downloads/archive_mm/mmagpast/MM36_Collab_Music_Politics.html>.

- "The cultural theorist Adorno was pessimistic about the social impact of popular culture and claimed that the ‘cultural industries eliminate critical tendencies’."

- "In many ways The X Factor and other heavily constructed pop music models can be seen to create a ‘total system’ which Adorno saw as a ‘hegemony of markets’ offering audiences nothing more than the same thing to buy over and over again, breeding a ‘passivity’ that is ‘produced and circulated by the culture industries’."

- "The Conservative government of the time introduced a range of social and economic changes which were resisted by a large number of people including musicians. They challenged public sector cuts, privatisation of nationalised industries and the social changes (and mass unemployment) created by the closure of manufacturing and production industries. There was a spate of urban riots in UK cities in 1981 with ‘Ghost Town’ by The Specials voicing the hopelessness of life in deprived urban environments. The riots had a racial element and The Specials were one of many groups who continued to speak out against far-right political activism and attempted to present the values of cultural diversity within their music."

- "Many musicians supported the miners’ strike (1984-5) and songs were written to raise money for the miners and in support of the Union’s attempts to save jobs. Billy Bragg was actively involved in this as well as being a member of Red Wedge – a collective of musicians who collaborated to support the Labour party and motivate people to become more involved in politics – specifically supporting The Labour Party in the 1987 general election."

• Hobbs, M. "From the Unforgettable Fire to Arcade Fire." English And Media. Media Magazine, 1 Feb. 2011. Web. 15 Dec. 2014. <http://www.englishandmedia.co.uk/mm/subscribers/downloads/archive_mm/mmagpast/MM35_Cultural_Arcade.html>.

Internet Articles:

• Aitkenhead, D. "Plan B: 'I Love Directing. But Does My Art Change Lives? I Don't Think It Does'" The Guardian. The Guardian, 7 June 2012. Web. 15 Dec. 2014. <http://www.theguardian.com/music/2012/jun/07/plan-b-love-directing-art-lives>.

• Andrews, C. "Has the Digital Revolution Really Changed the Music Industry? | Factor." Factor. Factor, 22 Sept. 2014. Web. 15 Dec. 2014. <http://www.factor-tech.com/connected-world/8125-has-the-digital-revolution-really-changed-the-music-industry/>.

- Laura Kidd "argues that increasingly sophisticated technology allows artists to record music, build websites, crowd-fund, upload music videos, create and sell a variety of merchandise and, most importantly, release and promote their music online"

- "Bandcamp is an online marketplace where artists can connect with fans, stream their music and sell digital and physical wares. The site allows artists to set their own prices, with the pay-what-you-want model being a popular option."

- "Prior to 2000, if you wanted to sell recorded music on a semi-wide scale, you needed to manufacture discs or vinyl (and probably needed a record label to do that)," she explains. “Then you needed to make a deal with a distributor, which would then act as a middleman between you as the artist/label and the retail record shop. Payments for sales were often slow, and unsold stock could be returned. Clearly, the development of digital music sales via stores like iTunes and Amazon has been revolutionary on its own.”

• Dredge, S. "Thom Yorke Calls Spotify 'the Last Desperate Fart of a Dying Corpse'" The Guardian, 7 Oct. 2013. Web. 15 Dec. 2014 <http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/oct/07/spotify-thom-yorke-dying-corpse>.

- "the last desperate fart of a dying corpse"

- "I feel that in some ways what's happening in the mainstream is the last gasp of the old industry. Once that does finally die, which it will, something else will happen"

• NME Blog. "NME Blogs | Did Radiohead's 'In Rainbows' Honesty Box Actually Damage The Music Industry?" NME.COM. NME, 15 Oct. 2012. Web. 15 Dec. 2014. <http://www.nme.com/blogs/nme-blogs/did-radioheads-in-rainbows-honesty-box-actually-damage-the-music-industry>.

- "the best response to music piracy is to explore new, legal ways to get music into fans' hands."

• Lewis L. "Radiohead, 'The King Of Limbs' - First Listen." NME, 18 Feb 2011. <http://www.nme.com/blogs/nme-blogs/radiohead-the-king-of-limbs-first-listen#LrFXuhDasc8Fd8kB.99>

• Perry, K. "Plan B: The Rapper Turned Director on Ill Manors, Class War and Why He Doesn't Want to Be a Politician." GQ. GQ, 8 June 2012. Web. 15 Dec. 2014. <http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/entertainment/articles/2012-06/08/plan-b-interview-ill-manors>.

- "The most vile things that we as human beings do to each other is for money. Governments go into other countries and bomb them for oil, power and money. Girls get prostituted and sex-trafficked for money. It's all to do with class, and nothing to do with religion or race. It all boils down to money."

- "It's a class war perpetuated by journalists. There are so many people walking around with opinions that aren't their own. How can you judge people that you never come into contact with?"

- "The song "Ill Manors" and its video are a response to the riots, but we'd already shot the bulk of the film by September 2010. Really the riots were a response to the issues depicted in the film, so it's the other way around."

- "When it comes to film and music like that though, the only people who need to be worried are the well-off. It's only their kids who are going to be influenced negatively by that. The kids that I'm talking about are living that life already. They're not going to be influenced by Top Boy or Kidulthood to go out in the street and sell crack because they're already doing it."

• Taylor, G. "A Digital Revolution Transforming the Music Industry." - Capgemini. Financial TImes, 13 May 2013. Web. 15 Dec. 2014. <http://capgemini.ft.com/consumerisation-of-it/a-digital-revolution-transforming-the-music-industry_a-29-69.html>.

- "ABI Research shows that by 2017, over 50 million cars sold every year will have integrated Wi-Fi connectivity, allowing users to stream music directly to their cars."

- "Streaming services have integrated with social media like Facebook, so you can follow what your friends are listening to, and built in expert reviews and editorial. Twitter has just launched its own music service, allowing crowdsourcing of music trends and letting fans follow the tastes and comments of favourite artists. Hundreds of apps help fans to discover new music in every genre, helping users get maximum value from on-demand access to millions of tracks."

- "In addition, as cars increasingly draw on voice-activated functions, users will be able to sit at the wheel and ask for a specific artist or track: they'll say 'Play The XX, Co-Exist', and the album will begin playing instantly. In-car displays will suggest similar artists, albums and related information, allowing for a great entertainment experience."

- "we need to take action against illegal sites that build up huge businesses ripping off artists and undermine investment in the legal music scene."

- "The amazing progress that has been made in digital music reflects a transformation within record labels over the last 10 years"

• Travis, B. "Thom Yorke Wants You to Torrent His New Album." GQ. GQ, 29 Sept. 2014. Web. 15 Dec. 2014. <http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/entertainment/articles/2014-09/29/thom-yorke-tomorrow-modern-boxes-review>.

- "Yorke revealed that the album is currently only available through a legitimate, paid BitTorrent file, and is available right now.
"